Method Of Successive Intervals Research Articles

PENGARUH PERILAKU KEPEMIMPINAN TRADISIONAL ETNIK BUGIS DAN MOTIF BERPRESTASI TERHADAP KINERJA PENGELOLA PUSAT KEGIATAN BELAJAR MASYARAKAT DI SULAWESI SELATAN

The research aimed to find out the influence of the community learning centre organizers  traditional  leadership behavior and their achievement motive on performance. The method used in this study, was the survey method with the data collecting technique involving questionnaire, achievement motives scale, performance measurement scale, and documentation. The ordinal scaled data have to be converted into interval scale data with using the Successive Interval Method. The result of the analytical test, using through the path analysis, result are obtained, namely: (1) the traditional leadership behavior has a significant correlation with the achievement motive; (2) the traditional leadership behavior has direct  influence to the community learning centre organizers performance; (3) the achievement motive has direct influence to the community learning centre  organizers performance, and (4) the traditional leadership behavior and achievement motive are comprehensive influences to the community learning centre  organizers performance. The result of the analytical test, showed that they are partially related to the elements of the leadership behavior, namely: the lempu (fair), acca/kanawa-nawa (intelegence), warani (courage), and sugi/masempoi (wealthy), (which were) also explicitly influence the community learning centre  organizers performance, except the acca/kanawa-nawa (intelegence) element.

SUITABILITY OF WORK ROLE AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT ON WORK ENGAGEMENT IN DISTRICT GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES IN THE PROVINCE OF BALI

Work engagement has a very positive impact on individuals and organizations, because work engagement is a positive attitude towards work and the organization where they work. The research design can be interpreted as a strategy to organize research steps in order to obtain valid data according to the variable characteristics and research objectives. This research is an ex-post facto research (measurement after the event), because the research data for both the independent variable and the dependent variable have occurred before this research was conducted. Path Analysis (Path Analysis) is used to determine the magnitude of the relationship and the direct and indirect influence of work role suitability (X1), organizational commitment (X2), on work engagement (X3). Because the data obtained from the questionnaire is ordinal data, while the data analysis used to prove the truth of the hypothesis suggests a minimum of interval data, the ordinal data needs to be scaled up to an interval scale through the "method of successive interval. There is a significant influence of work role suitability and organizational commitment together on work engagement. The first research hypothesis is that there is influence from the suitability of work roles and organizational commitment on work engagement in employees of the Regional Government of the Regency of Bali Province. based on the results of the path analysis test or Path Analysis in Table 4.8 the results obtained are the magnitude of the influence of work role suitability on work engagement showing the results Ryx1x2 = 0.926, with a p-value of 0.000 <0.05, which states that Ho is rejected which means there is an influence from role suitability work and organizational commitment to work engagement. There is an influence of work role suitability on work engagement. The second research hypothesis is that there is an influence of suitability of work roles on work engagement in employees of the Regional Government of the Regency of Bali Province. based on the results of the path analysis test or Path Analysis in Table 4.8, the result is that the magnitude of the influence of work role suitability on work engagement is 0.771 with a p-value of 0.000 <0.05. There is an Effect of Organizational Commitment on Work Engagement. The third research hypothesis is that there is an influence of organizational commitment on work engagement in employees of the Regional Government of the Regency of Bali Province. based on the results of the path analysis test or Path Analysis in Table 4.8 the result is the magnitude of the influence of organizational commitment on work engagement of 0.388 with a p-value of 0.000 <0.05.  Appropriateness of work roles and Organizational Commitment have a significant positive effect on work engagement in the Regional Government Employees of the Regency of Bali Province. Appropriateness of work roles has a significant positive effect on work engagement for Regional Government Employees of the Regency of Bali Province. Organizational Commitment has a significant positive effect on work engagement in the Regional Government Employees of the Regency of Bali Province.

The Influence of Competence and Career Development on Employee Performance with Work Motivation as an Intervening Variable

Competition in the automotive industry requires companies to manage human resources in order to drive business growth and compete to win market share. This study aims to determine the direct effect and indirect effect, competence and career development on employee performance through work motivation employees through work motivation. Population in this study is Yamaha JG Motor Bogor employees consisting of 49 people. Sampling of 49 respondents was carried out by saturated sampling saturated. The data used in this study is ordinal data which is converted into interval-scale metric data with the method of successive interval. Data analysis using verification analysis, path analysis and sobel test analysis for intervening variables through the IBM SPSS program. The results showed that competence has a direct positive and significant effect on work motivation, while career development has no effect on work motivation. Competence has a direct positive significant on employee performance, and work motivation has a direct positive and significant effect on employee performance, while career development has no effect on employee performance. Competence has an indirect effect directly on employee performance through work motivation, while career development has no indirect effect on employee performance through work motivation.
 
 Keywords: Competence, Career Development, Work Motivation, Employee Performance

SUITABILITY OF WORK ROLE AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT ON WORK ENGAGEMENT IN DISTRICT GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES IN THE PROVINCE OF BALI

Work engagement has a very positive impact on individuals and organizations, because work engagement is a positive attitude towards work and the organization where they work. The research design can be interpreted as a strategy to organize research steps in order to obtain valid data according to the variable characteristics and research objectives. This research is an ex-post facto research (measurement after the event), because the research data for both the independent variable and the dependent variable have occurred before this research was conducted. Path Analysis (Path Analysis) is used to determine the magnitude of the relationship and the direct and indirect influence of work role suitability (X1), organizational commitment (X2), on work engagement (X3). Because the data obtained from the questionnaire is ordinal data, while the data analysis used to prove the truth of the hypothesis suggests a minimum of interval data, the ordinal data needs to be scaled up to an interval scale through the "method of successive interval. There is a significant influence of work role suitability and organizational commitment together on work engagement. The first research hypothesis is that there is influence from the suitability of work roles and organizational commitment on work engagement in employees of the Regional Government of the Regency of Bali Province. based on the results of the path analysis test or Path Analysis in Table 4.8 the results obtained are the magnitude of the influence of work role suitability on work engagement showing the results Ryx1x2 = 0.926, with a p-value of 0.000 <0.05, which states that Ho is rejected which means there is an influence from role suitability work and organizational commitment to work engagement. There is an influence of work role suitability on work engagement. The second research hypothesis is that there is an influence of suitability of work roles on work engagement in employees of the Regional Government of the Regency of Bali Province. based on the results of the path analysis test or Path Analysis in Table 4.8, the result is that the magnitude of the influence of work role suitability on work engagement is 0.771 with a p-value of 0.000 <0.05. There is an Effect of Organizational Commitment on Work Engagement. The third research hypothesis is that there is an influence of organizational commitment on work engagement in employees of the Regional Government of the Regency of Bali Province. based on the results of the path analysis test or Path Analysis in Table 4.8 the result is the magnitude of the influence of organizational commitment on work engagement of 0.388 with a p-value of 0.000 <0.05.  Appropriateness of work roles and Organizational Commitment have a significant positive effect on work engagement in the Regional Government Employees of the Regency of Bali Province. Appropriateness of work roles has a significant positive effect on work engagement for Regional Government Employees of the Regency of Bali Province. Organizational Commitment has a significant positive effect on work engagement in the Regional Government Employees of the Regency of Bali Province.

ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF BRAND IMAGE, QUALITY PRODUCT, AND PRICE FOR REPURCHASE ORIFLAME PRODUCTS IN KAB. KARAWANG

This study aims to determine the relationship between brand image and product quality, product quality and price, and brand image and price on Oriflame products. Price on Repeat Purchase of Oriflame Products, Simultaneous Influence between Brand Image, Product Quality and Price on Repeat Purchase of Oriflame Products. This research was conducted using a quantitative method with a descriptive and verification approach and the sample used Hair et al and a porposive sampling technique which then produced a sample of 180 respondents. The analysis technique used is the Likert scale analysis technique and path analysis with the Method of Successive Interval (MSI), Microsoft Office, and SPSS version 18.0. There is a partial effect of brand image on product repurchase, product quality has a partial and significant effect on product repurchase. There is a partial and significant price effect on product repurchases. Simultaneously brand image, product quality and price affect the repurchase of Oriflame products

연속적 간격법의 타당성

The current study aimed to confirm the validity of the method of successive intervals (SI) as a scaling method for stimuli and attributes. In order to achieve this research objective, the measurement of stimuli and attributes calculated by SI and item response theory (IRT) were compared. The blameworthiness of 33 behaviors (stimuli) was measured, and based on the measurement, the psychological attribute of ‘representation of innocence’ was measured. The correlations between the measurements calibrated by SI and IRT were estimated for the blameworthiness and the ‘representation of innocence.’ The theoretical relationship among ‘representation of innocence,’ legal threshold for a guilty verdict (beyond a reasonable doubt), the individual practical threshold for a guilty verdict, and the difference between the two thresholds estimates. These analyses were conducted on the 300 participants (survey sample) collected for this study and replicated on the 360 participants (cross-validation sample) obtained from previous research data. As a result, it was found that the two lists of measures for the blameworthiness of behaviors measured by SI and IRT were positively correlated. However, the correlation of measures of ‘representation of innocence’ from the two methods was observed only in the survey sample. In addition, the ‘representation of innocence’ measured by SI showed a theoretically predicted relationship with the legal conviction standard, and the measurement by the IRT showed the relationship predicted by theory with the actual conviction criteria only in the cross-validation sample. In the discussion, the author demonstrated the validity of SI as a scaling method for stimulus and attribute and suggested the direction for further research.

Berbagi Pengetahuan Sebagai Mediator Pengaruh Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi terhadap Perilaku Inovasi UMKM Batik Jember


 
 
 
 Research aim: To test how the role of knowledge sharing as a mediator influences perceptions of organizational support on the innovation behaviour of Batik SMEs in Jember Regency
 Design/ Method/ Approach: The research method uses quantitative data by using the MSI (Successive Interval Method) data transformation method with path analysis techniques (path analysis)
 Research Findings: significant influence of perceived organizational support variables on innovative behaviour, both directly and indirectly, through knowledge sharing variables. The direct effect coefficient is 0.564, while the indirect effect coefficient is 0.247. This shows that the three hypotheses prepared are acceptable because they are proven significant.
 Theoretical Contribution/ Originality: The conceptual framework proposed in this model is an adaptation and synthesis of various previous research findings. Therefore this study conceptually emerges a new model in which knowledge sharing is treated as a mediating variable in mediating the effect of perceived organizational support on innovation behaviour.
 Practitionel/Policy implication : For MSME managers and related agency policymakers, find out how the role of knowledge-sharing mediator variables mediates the influence of perceptions of organizational support to take appropriate actions to increase the innovative behaviour of Batik MSMEs. Through this research, two important things will be obtained. They were first able to find out how to implement knowledge sharing in Batik MSMEs, which have competency advantages to increase innovative behaviour. Second, know how to increase the perception of organizational support by implementing knowledge-sharing practices in Batik SMEs.
 Research Limitations: The selection of research variables led to sampling criteria adjusted to research needs, so not all batik UMKM employees in Jember Regency became the research sample.
 Keywords: Knowledge Sharing, Perceived Organizational Support, Innovative Behavior, MSMEs   
 
 
 

The Effect Of Brand Image And Price on Purchase Decision At A&W Fast Food Restaurant Karawang

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of brand image and price on purchasing decisions for fast food restaurants A&W KarawanG. The research was conducted using descriptive and verification methods, namely: collecting, presenting, analyzing and testing hypotheses and making conclusions and suggestions. Samples were collected using the Slovin formula and probability sampling technique using simple random sampling which then resulted in 347 samples from 2,612 populations. The analytical technique used is the technique of scale range analysis and path analysis with the help of the Method of Successive Interval (MSI), Microsoft Excel 2010 computer program and SPSS version 25 application. 1,266 with agreed criteria. The price shows an average value of 1,258 with agreed criteria. Purchasing Decision shows an average value of 1,241 with the criteria for agreeing. The correlation coefficient between the Brand Image and Price variables obtained a value of 0.530 which means it has a moderate, positive and significant correlation level between Brand Image and Price. The partial effect of Price on Purchase Decisions is 0.133, which is greater than Brand Image, which has a value of 0.059. So it can be stated that the price contributes more to the Purchase Decision compared to the Brand Image. The simultaneous influence of Brand Image and Price on Purchasing Decisions is 19.2% while the remaining 80.8% is another variable not examined.

Factors that influence the use of accounting information in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Medan City

MSMEs play a substantial role in increasing GDP and employment in Indonesia. However, there are still many MSMEs who have not utilized the use of accounting information in running their business. The use of accounting information can help them to maintain their business sustainability. During this pandemic era, many MSMEs were affected, including the MSMEs in the Province of North Sumatera. In May 2020, the provincial government of North Sumatra recorded that 672.000 MSMEs were affected by the pandemic. The province's capital city is Medan, where the government of Medan city also really supports the development of MSMEs in Medan. So, the research aims to examine and analyze the effect of business age, educational level, business scale, and accounting training on using accounting information in MSMEs in Medan city. This research used primary data, which was obtained by distributing both physical and google form questionnaires. The method of sampling used in this research is purposive and convenience sampling. There are 109 data processed and analyzed using the multiple linear regression method, where the ordinal data is transformed into intervals using the Method of Successive Interval (MSI). From the results, the business scale and accounting training both significantly positively affect the use of accounting information in MSMEs in Medan City during the business age, and educational level does not affect the use of accounting information in MSMEs in Medan City.  

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Generasi Z Dalam Konsumsi E-Wallet Saat Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Pada Mahasiswa Aktif Program Sarjana Di Kota Malang)

This study was conducted to determine the effect of convenience, promotion and lifestyle variables on generation Z e-wallet consumption (active undergraduate students) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malang City. The analytical model used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) using the SPSS Statistics 26 application which uses primary data obtained from the distribution of online questionnaires and then processed first from ordinal data using the Method of Successive Interval (MSI) into interval data with a quantitative research approach. Produced an analysis that the convenience, promotion and lifestyle variables had a positive and significant influence on the consumption of e-wallet generation Z (active undergraduate students) during the covid-19 pandemic in Malang City.Keywords: E-Wallet Consumption, Generation Z, Covid-19 Pandemic.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Augmented Reality Pada Materi Optika Geometri

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Augmented Reality Pada Materi Optika Geometri

The influence of service quality and trust on satisfaction of BPJS health outcoming patients in Islamic Hospital Karawang

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence and found the clarity of the phenomenon and concluded on Influence of Service Quality and trust on patient satisfaction of outpatient health BPJS at the Islamic Hospital Karawang. This thesis is expected to contribute to the development of science, especially the management, marketing management, service quality, trust and patient satisfaction. The study was conducted by using descriptive and verification methods, namely: collecting, presenting, analyzing, and testing hypotheses, and make their conclusions and suggestions. Samples were collected using Proportionate Stratified random sampling method with a sample size of 393 respondents from the population of 21.627 people. Data analysis technique used is the technique Scale Range Analysis and Path Analysis with the help Method of Successive Interval (MSI), the computer program Microsoft Excel 2013, and SPSS version 20. From the analysis of research data, obtained some conclusions as follows: Service Quality amounted to 1397,4 is at Agree criteria, Means service quality rated Good. Trust at 1427,6 is at Agree criteria, meaning the trust rated Good. Patient satisfaction of 1432,3,5 is at Agree criteria, meaning patient satisfaction in rated Good. There Correlation Between service quality by trust at 0,811. This shows that a very strong and direct Correlation because it has a positive value. There Effect of Partial Between service quality on patient satisfaction by 42,8% and there Between Partial Influence Trust toward patient satisfaction of 37,9%. There Simultaneous Effect Between Service Quality and Trust toward patient satisfaction of outpatient health BPJS at the Islamic Hospital Karawang amounted to 80,7%, while the rest are other factors not examined by 19,3%. From the description above, the suggestions given include improving the quality of service and providing trust to increase patient satisfaction.

The potential of B-Star snacks (banana and tempeh nastar) to prevent muscle fatigue

Muscle fatigue is a common problem experienced by athletes when undergoing exercise. Sports snacks are an effective solution for preventing them because they can be consumed between workouts without requiring a particular time. However, the availability of sports snacks is still rarely traded in the market. The purpose study is to produce a nastar based on a mixture of banana flour and tempeh (named B-Star Snack) as a sports snack that can prevent muscle fatigue. The research was carried out in July - December 2020 at the Food Technology Lab, Department of Nutrition, Denpasar Health Polytechnic, where wheat flour as the main ingredient for making nastar was substituted with tempeh flour and banana flour with the five combinations of banana flour and tempeh mixtures. All observations were analyzed by ANOVA. Especially for the results of the organoleptic test, in order to meet the assumption of a normal distribution, the data is transformed into an interval scale using the successive interval method. There was a significant difference in the preference for B-Star Snack between formulas (p = 0,014). The most preferred is the combination of tempeh and banana flour (40:60%). The B-Star Snack with a 40:60% combination contains the complete nutrition of both macro and micronutrients. The B-Star Snack with a tempeh and banana flour 40:60% as much as 100 grams per serving can be recommended to prevent muscle fatigue due to the exercise.

The effect of Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) chicken innovation characteristics toward the development of farmers perceptions in South Sumatra

This study aims to determine the effect of five variables characteristic of KUB chicken innovation, including relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability, on farmers’ perceptions in developing KUB chickens. It consists of four farmer groups in Cereme Taba Village, Lubuk Linggau City. The determination of the study location was taken purposively based on the consideration that Lubuk Linggau City was used for the development of KUB chickens. The study method used descriptive quantitative analysis to obtain 95 members of the farmer groups as respondents. Furthermore, the variables studied were the innovation characteristics and farmers’ perceptions measured by a mathematical model using the score category of each variable and the SIM (Successive Interval Method) program. The results showed that the farmers’ perceptions of the five variables were included in the agree category. It obtains positive support from respondents by looking at the advantages of implementing a technology package on the development of KUB chickens. From an environmental aspect, the development of KUB chickens can reduce household and market waste, especially vegetable waste used as a source of chicken feed. Waste reduction has a positive impact on environmentally friendly pollution.

Drought-prone areas mapping using fuzzy c-means method in Gunungkidul district

Gunungkidul district is one of the districts in the Special Region of Yogyakarta that is frequently affected by drought disasters. The purpose of this study is to map drought-prone areas in Gunungkidul district using the fuzzy c-means method, making it easier for the government to allocate water-dropping assistance to drought-affected areas. The research variables include rainfall, soil type, infiltration, slope, and land use. The type of variables is an ordinal scale, so they must be transformed using the successive interval method before being analyzed using the fuzzy c-means method. The cluster validity indexes of the Xie and Beni index, partition coefficient, and modification partition coefficient were used to find the optimal k. The results of fuzzy c-means clustering revealed three clusters with a low level of vulnerability consisting of 7 sub-districts, a moderate level of vulnerability consisting of 8 sub-districts, and a high level of vulnerability consisting of 3 sub-districts. Rainfall, land use, soil type, infiltration, and slope were the drought hazard factors with the greatest to least effect in this study.

THE ANALYSIS OF GREEN MARKETING AND BRAND IMAGE ON REPEAT PURCHASE ON CONSUMERS OF COFFEE SHOP IN BANDUNG

Manuscript type: Research Article Research Aims: This research was conducted to examine the influence of green marketing and brand image to the repeat purchase of consumer of coffee shop in Bandung. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were collected through online survey that targeted the consumer of coffee shop in Bandung area. A method of successive interval (MSI) and Partial Least Square (PLS) was used as a method to analyse this data Research Findings: The results shows that green marketing and brand image have a significant effect on repeat purchases simultaneously and separately. Based on these results, consumers of coffee shops in Bandung were able to explain that 65.6% of repeated purchases were influenced by green marketing and brand image while the remaining 34.4% was influenced by other factors. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: By understanding that the green marketing and brand image can influencing the repeat purchase of consumer of coffee shop in Bandung, one can compare future studies especially in the field of marketing management materials. Practitioner/Policy Implication: The results of this research can be used to help practitioner to develop and improve marketing strategies more effectively and efficiently, especially for coffee shop that target people in the city of Bandung as their consumers. Research Limitation/Implication: geography, number of sample, simple method

THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION ON @KEMENKES_RI INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT TOWARDS MASK PURCHASE DECISIONS AMONG INDONESIAN MILLENNIALS

The Instagram account @kemenkes_ri is the official account of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia which has been aggressively disseminating information on health protocols, including about the use of masks, during the Covid-19 pandemic. Along with the appeal to use masks, there is an increasing need to buy masks, including among the Indonesian millennials. Information is what consumers are looking for at an early stage in the purchase decision-making process. Therefore, this study aims to determine the influence of information on the @kemenkes_ri Instagram account towards mask purchase decisions among Indonesian millennials. The method used in this research is quantitative by distributing a survey to 100 respondents of Indonesian millennials. The data collected were analyzed using the Method of Successive Interval (MSI), normality test, homogeneity test, correlation coefficient test, determination coefficient test, simple linear regression analysis, and t test. The results of the analysis show that the information on the @kemenkes_ri Instagram account has a significant positive effect on mask purchase decisions among Indonesian millennials. Based on these results, it can be concluded that information can have an influence on consumer purchase decisions. 

Evaluating problems and measures for a sustainable urban freight transport in Brazilian historical cities

Urban freight transport (UFT) poses as a challenge in historical cities given the impacts on cultural heritage. This paper presents retailers’ perceptions about urban freight transport in Brazilian historical cities, characterising current operations, identifying problems, and proposing measures for a sustainable urban freight transport. A survey was conducted in seven Brazilian cities to obtain data for the analysis. The research approach is based on descriptive statistics (characterisations of retailers and operations), a method of successive intervals (identifying the problem and freight policies), linear regression (urban delivery generation models), and ordered logit regression (influence of UFT-related problems on solutions). The results indicate that trade in these cities primarily consists of small and independent retailers (nanostores). Unloading zones is the most significant problem and the solutions suggested by retailers are not related with this problem. Moreover, ordered logit regression model showed that delivery time is the UFT-related problem with influence on the freight solutions. We proposed three measures to improve the mobility and accessibility of cargo in historical cities: transhipment areas, truck routes, and unloading bays. Results could support the sustainable urban freight transport in historical cities to preserve the historical heritage and, consequently, Brazil’s memory.

Motivasi dan Kompensasi Berdampak Pada Peningkatan Kinerja Pegawai Non PNS (Studi Kasus di Salah Satu Sekolah Negeri Kota Bandung)

This study aims to determine whether motivation and compensation can affect the performance of non-PNS employees. Respondents drawn from this study are all non-civil servant employees, so we use a census, with a total of 40 respondents. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis which aims to describe the performance of non-PNS servants. Data collection using questionnaires. The data from the questionnaire is in ordinal form and it is necessary to transform it into an interval scale. Data transformation can be performed using the Method of Successive Interval (MSI). To answer the research objectives, multiple regression analysis was used by first testing the classical assumptions. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between motivation and compensation on the performance of non-PNS employees. Worker motivation and compensation provided by an organization will improve the performance of non-PNS employees. Keyword: Motivation, Compensation, Employee Performance

PENGARUH STRATEGI PROMOSI DI SOCIAL MEDIA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN HANDPHONE MEREK APPLE YANG DI MEDIASI WORD OF MOUTH MARKETING (Studi Kasus Pada Queeniphone Bengkulu)

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine The Effect of Promotion Strategies in Social Media toward Apple Brand Mobile Purchasing Decisions Mediated by Word of Mouth Marketing on Queen iphone Bengkulu. This research used survey research methods with quantitative data analysis by using the MSI method (method of successive interval) to transform ordinal scale data into interval scale data. The population of this study were all of consumers who buy Apple Brand Mobile products on Queeniphone Bengkulu. The results of this study know that there were significant effect toward Apple Brand Mobile Purchasing Decisions Mediated by Word of Mouth Marketing on Queen iphone Bengkulu. It is better for owner of Queen iphone Bengkulu  to maintain and even improve consumer purchasing decisions by using variuos promotion strategy. Keywords:  Promotion strategy, word of mouth marketing, purchasing decisions.